SYMPOSIA PAPER Published: 01 January 2003
STP11201S

Dynamic Investigations of the Formation of Phenoxy Ester Herbicide Concentrated Emulsions

Source

Dynamic interfacial tension (DIT) measurements have been employed to investigate the formation dynamics of iso-octyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D IOE) concentrated emulsion (EW) by citric acid alkylether ester (AEC) emulsifiers. Both of the AEC surfactants, AEC-1 and AEC-3, were found to be quite effective in reducing the interfacial tension between water and 2,4-D IOE when compared with a standard nonionic surfactant. The CMC concentrations and effective molecular areas of AEC-1 and AEC-3 have been determined at both air/water and 2,4-D IOE /water interfaces. Kinetic analysis indicated that the adsorption of AEC-1 proceeded at a faster rate than that of AEC-3 at 2,4-D IOE/water interface. But, AEC-3 is more effective in minimizing the equilibrium interfacial tension at the 2,4-D IOE /water interface. The DIT results have been contrasted with those obtained with Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement (FBRM). The results are further correlated to the rate at which 2,4-D IOE EW reaches its equilibrium particle size and longer-term physical stability. The robust physical stability exhibited by the 2,4-D IOE EW formulated with AEC-3 is attributed to the minimal interfacial tension of the system.

Author Information

Lei, Y
Akzo Nobel Surfactant America, Dublin, OH
Alexander, M
Akzo Nobel Surfactant America, Dublin, OH
Hazen, JL
Akzo Nobel Surfactant America, Dublin, OH
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Details
Developed by Committee: E35
Pages: 125–139
DOI: 10.1520/STP11201S
ISBN-EB: 978-0-8031-5487-2
ISBN-13: 978-0-8031-3468-3