METALWORKING IS THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING BULK METAL into a component or a part and primarily involves two types of operations: those that produce metal debris and those that produce no debris. The former type is classified as metal removal operations and the latter type is classified as metal forming operations. Cutting and grinding are examples of the first type and drawing, stamping, and bending are examples of the second type. All metalworking operations involve bringing two solids, a tool and a work piece, together to create a new part or a shape. The process involves high friction, high temperature, and tool wear; and it is a job of the lubricant, or the metalworking fluid, to control them. Metalworking fluids accomplish this by providing coolinf, lubrication, and protection against corrosion. Therefore, they improve the efficiency of the operation, and hence increase productivity.