CHAPTERS 4 AND 5 OF THIS MANUAL ADDRESSEDabatement activities, primarily removal, with getting rid of or otherwise controlling the asbestos as the primary objective. Abatement may have been selected as a response action on the basis of an assessment conducted according to ASTM E 2356 for ACM whose ratings fell “above the line” on the Abatement vs. O&M Decision Chart, or for another reason such as renovation or demolition. The alternative to abatement for ACM whose ratings fell “below the line” on the chart is Operations and Maintenance, or O&M.