MEASUREMENT AND TESTING PLAY key roles in society. Decisions based on testing for scientific, technical, commercial, environmental, and health purposes are everyday occurrences. Measurement and testing for research and development, for producer-user transactions, and for ongoing control of production processes are important elements of a larger organized effort that may be called a technical project. The assurance that the output data are of the highest quality, consistent with the stipulated goals and objectives, is the key to a successful technical project.