ISSN: 1546-962X
CODEN: JAIOAD
Published Online: 8 June 2005
Page Count: 12

Decing Salt-Scaling Resistance: Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Concrete Containing up to 70 % Class C and Class F Fly Ash

Naik, TR
Director, UWM Center for By-Products Utilization, Milwaukee, WI

Kraus, RN
Assistant Director, UWM Center for By-Products Utilization, Milwaukee, WI

Ramme, BW
Manager, Land Quality, We Energies Environmental Department, Milwaukee, WI

Chun, Y-M
Postdoctoral Fellow, UWM Center for By-Products Utilization, Milwaukee, WI

(Received 25 March 2003; accepted 20 April 2005)

Abstract

Laboratory mixtures, pilot mixtures, and field construction mixtures were made to evaluate salt-scaling resistance of concrete incorporating large amounts of either Class C fly ash obtained from several different sources or Class F fly ash. The laboratory mixtures that incorporated Class C fly ash up to a fly ash to cementitious materials ratio (FA/Cm) of 60 % by mass exhibited very slight to moderate scaling. Results from the pilot mixtures indicate that it is possible to produce structural-grade, salt-scaling resistant concrete using up to 56 % Class C fly ash. Specimens of a field mixture containing 50 % Class C fly ash showed moderate to severe scaling, and specimens of a field concrete with 40 % Class F fly ash showed slight to moderate scaling. These field mixtures exhibited satisfactory salt-scaling resistance in actual pavements. Comparisons of strength and scaling results suggest that it would be beneficial to allow sufficient time for high-volume fly ash concrete to develop strength before it is subjected to salt-scaling actions.

Keywords:
compressive strength, concrete, durability, fly ash, freezing and thawing, salt-scaling resistance

Paper ID: JAI11912
DOI: 10.1520/JAI11912
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.