Journal Published Online: 01 March 2011
Volume 8, Issue 3

In Situ Scanning Electron Microscope Observation and Finite Element Method Analysis of Delayed Hydride Cracking Propagation in Zircaloy-2 Fuel Cladding Tubes

CODEN: JAIOAD

Abstract

The objective of the present research is to build a modeling method for delayed hydride cracking (DHC) of zirconium alloys. DHC tests were carried out on Zircaloy-2 cladding tubes in the chamber of a scanning electron microscope to directly observe the crack propagation and measure the crack velocity in the radial direction. These in situ observations showed that a sharply tipped crack propagated at a relatively high rate, while the velocity decreased when the crack tip was blunted, supporting the occurrence of intermittent crack propagation that could be expected from the DHC mechanism. V-KI curves or diagrams of crack velocity, V, versus stress intensity factor at a crack tip, KI, were obtained as a function of 0.2 % offset yield stress, hydride orientation, and pre-crack depth. The steady state crack velocity and the threshold stress intensity factor for the onset of the crack propagation tended to increase or decrease, respectively, with an increase in the 0.2 % offset yield stress. Analyses of stress distribution and hydrogen diffusion around a crack tip were made using a finite element computer code. The analyses showed that a strong hydrostatic pressure field was generated concentrically around the crack tip and hydrogen diffused towards the crack tip according to the hydrostatic pressure gradient. The crack velocity was estimated from the calculated hydrogen flux rate assuming the critical hydrogen quantity for the crack propagation. There was good agreement between the experiments and the calculations regarding the crack velocity and its dependency on KI. Calculations showed that the increase in the 0.2 % offset yield stress would accelerate the crack propagation by increasing the hydrostatic pressure at the crack tip.

Author Information

Kubo, Toshio
Nippon Nuclear Fuel Development Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Japan
Muta, Hiroaki
Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan
Yamanaka, Shinsuke
Osaka Univ., Osaka, Japan
Uno, Masayoshi
Fukui Univ., Fukui, Japan
Ogata, Keizo
Japan Nuclear Energy Safety Organization, Tokyo, Japan
Pages: 23
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Stock #: JAI102960
ISSN: 1546-962X
DOI: 10.1520/JAI102960