1. Rationale
The classification of frozen soils underwent extensive research in the 60s and 70s resulting in the development of visual/manual methods such as ASTM D4083. These methods are flexible enough to be used in classifying soils and ground ice when logging core, test pits or natural exposures. Their main disadvantage is the lack of correlation of ground ice descriptions with engineering properties. Its also more complicated owing to the presence of ground ice. Ice introduces two complicating variables in soil properties: temperature because ice properties are highly temperature dependent and time because ice creeps or deforms in time spans comparable to the service life of engineering structures. For these reasons, D18.19 decided to start reviewing D4083 even if it is current at the time.
Keywords
frozen; ice; permafrost; soil; undisturbed;
Citing ASTM Standards
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