Significance and Use
Definitions in this standard are to be regarded as the correct ones for terms found in other ASTM standards of Committee D18. Certain terms may be found in more than one standard issued under the jurisdiction of this committee and many of these terms have been placed in this standard.
Terms that are defined in some textbooks may differ slightly from those in this standard. Definitions in Terminology D 653 are to be regarded as correct for ASTM usage
A number of the definitions include symbols and indicate the units of measurement. The symbols appear in italics immediately after the name of the term, followed by the unit in parentheses. No significance should be placed on the order in which the symbols are presented where two or more are given for an individual term. The applicable units are indicated by capital letters, as follows:
D—Dimensionless
F—Force, such as pound-force, ton-force, newton
L—Length, such as inch, foot, millimeter, and meter
M—Mass, such as kilogram, gram
T—Time, such as second, minute
Positive exponents designate multiples in the numerator. Negative exponents designate multiples in the denominator. Degrees of angle are indicated as “degrees.”
Expressing the units either in SI or the inch-pound system has been purposely omitted in order to leave the choice of the system and specific unit to the engineer and the particular application, for example:
FL−2—may be expressed in pounds-force per square inch, kilopascals, tons per square foot, etc.
LT−1—may be expressed in feet per minute, meters per second, etc.
Where synonymous terms are cross-referenced, the definition is usually included with the earlier term alphabetically. Where this is not the case, the later term is the more significant.
Definitions marked with (ISRM) are included for the convenience of the user and were taken directly from the International Society for Rock Mechanics (see X1.3).
See Appendixes for References (X1) and Symbols (X2).
1. Scope
1.1 These definitions apply to many terms found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.2 This standard defines terms related to soil, rock, and contained fluids found in the terminology sections of standards under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18.
1.3 These terms define many words found in the Terminology section of standards of ASTM Committee D18.
1.4 Definitions of terms relating to frozen soils are contained in Terminology D 7099.
2. Referenced Documents
C150 Specification for Portland Cement
D2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)
D4043 Guide for Selection of Aquifer Test Method in Determining Hydraulic Properties by Well Techniques
D4044 Test Method (Field Procedure) for Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug) Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifiers
D4050 Test Method (Field Procedure) for Withdrawal and Injection Well Tests for Determining Hydraulic Properties of Aquifer Systems
D4104 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by Overdamped Well Response to Instantaneous Change in Head (Slug Tests)
D4105 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Modified Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4106 Test Method (Analytical Procedure) for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Nonequilibrium Method
D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils
D4631 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storativity of Low Permeability Rocks by In Situ Measurements Using Pressure Pulse Technique
D4750 Test Method for Determining Subsurface Liquid Levels in a Borehole or Monitoring Well (Observation Well)
D5084 Test Methods for Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity of Saturated Porous Materials Using a Flexible Wall Permeameter
D5088 Practices for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites
D5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Ground Water Monitoring Wells
D5269 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity of Nonleaky Confined Aquifers by the Theis Recovery Method
D5270 Test Method for Determining Transmissivity and Storage Coefficient of Bounded, Nonleaky, Confined Aquifers
D5299 Guide for Decommissioning of Ground Water Wells, Vadose Zone Monitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices for Environmental Activities
D5878 Guides for Using Rock-Mass Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes
D6312 Guide for Developing Appropriate Statistical Approaches for Ground-Water Detection Monitoring Programs
D6913 Test Methods for Particle-Size Distribution (Gradation) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis
D7099 Terminology Relating to Frozen Soil and Rock
Index Terms
Contained fluids; Engineering criteria/design--soil/rock/related materials; Rock materials/properties/analysis; Soil; Stone; Terminology--soil/rock/related materials; ICS Number Code 01.040.13; 13.080.01
Citing ASTM Standards
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