1. Scope
1.1 This specification relates to possible hazards that may not be recognized readily by the public and that may be encountered in the normal use for which a toy is intended or after reasonably foreseeable abuse. It does not purport to cover every conceivable hazard of a particular toy. This specification does not cover product performance or quality, except as related to safety. Except for the labeling requirements pointing out the functional hazards and age range for which the toy is intended, this specification has no requirements for those aspects of a toy that present an inherent and recognized hazard as part of the function of the toy. Such an example is a sharp point necessary for the function of a needle. The needle is an inherent hazard that is well understood by the purchaser of a toy sewing kit, and this hazard is communicated to the user as part of the normal educational process.
1.2 On the other hand, while a riding toy has inherent hazards associated with its use (for example, falling off onto the sidewalk), the possible hazards associated with its construction (sharp edges, exposed mechanisms, etc.) will be minimized by the application of this specification.
1.3 This specification covers requirements and contains test methods for toys intended for use by children under 14 years of age. Different age limits for various requirements will be found in this specification. These limits reflect the nature of the hazards and expected mental or physical ability, or both, of a child to cope with the hazards.
1.4 Articles not covered by this specification are as follows:
Bicycles
Tricycles
Sling shots and sharp-pointed darts
Playground equipment
Non-powder guns
Kites
Hobby and craft items in which the finished item is notprimarily of play value
Model kits in which the finished item is not primarily of play value
Crayons, paints, chalks, and other similar art materials in which the material itself or the finished item is notprimarily of play value, except that all art materials, whether or not a component of a toy, must comply toLHAMA, in accordance with 4.30.1-4.30.3.
Sporting goods, camping goods, athletic equipment, mu-sical instruments, and furniture; however, toys that are their counterparts are covered. (It is recognized that there is often a fine line between, for example, a musical instrument or a sporting item and its toy counterpart. The intention of the producer or distributor, as well asnormal use and reasonably foreseeable abuse, deter-mines whether the item is a toy counterpart.)
Powered models of aircraft, rockets, boats, and landvehicles; however, toys that are their counterparts are covered.
1.5 General guidelines for age labeling toys and toy packaging are contained in Annex A1.
1.6 Information regarding packaging and shipping is contained in Annex A2.
1.7 This consumer safety specification includes the following sections:
| Title | Section |
| Scope | 1 |
| Referenced Documents | 2 |
| Terminology | 3 |
| Safety Requirements | 4 |
| Material Quality | 4.1 |
| Flammability | 4.2 |
| Toxicology | 4.3 |
| Electrical/Thermal Energy | 4.4 |
| Sound Producing Toys | 4.5 |
| Small Objects | 4.6 |
| Accessible Edges | 4.7 |
| Projections | 4.8 |
| Accessible Points | 4.9 |
| Wires or Rods | 4.10 |
| Nails and Fasteners | 4.11 |
| Packaging Film | 4.12 |
| Folding Mechanisms and Hinges | 4.13 |
| Cords and Elastics in Toys | 4.14 |
| Stability and Over-Load Requirements | 4.15 |
| Confined Spaces | 4.16 |
| Wheels, Tires, and Axles | 4.17 |
| Holes, Clearance, and Accessibility of Mechanisms | 4.18 |
| Simulated Protective Devices | 4.19 |
| Pacifiers | 4.20 |
| Projectile Toys | 4.21 |
| Teethers and Teething Toys | 4.22 |
| Rattles | 4.23 |
| Squeeze Toys | 4.24 |
| Battery-Operated Toys | 4.25 |
| Toys Intended to be Attached to a Crib | |
| or Playpen | 4.26 |
| Toy Chests | 4.27 |
| Stuffed and Beanbag-Type Toys | 4.28 |
| Stroller and Carriage Toys | 4.29 |
| Art Materials | 4.30 |
| Toy Gun Marking | 4.31 |
| Balloons | 4.32 |
| Certain Toys with Spherical Ends | 4.33 |
| Marbles | 4.34 |
| Balls | 4.35 |
| Pompoms | 4.36 |
| Hemispheric-Shaped Objects | 4.37 |
| Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toys | 4.38 |
| Magnets | 4.39 |
| Safety Labeling Requirements | 5 |
| Instructional Literature | 6 |
| Producer's Markings | 7 |
| Test Methods | 8 |
| General | 8.1 |
| Testing for Hazardous Substance Content | 8.2 |
| Method to Dissolve Soluble Matter | 8.3 |
| Tests for Cleanliness and Preservative Effectiveness | 8.4 |
| Normal Use Testing | 8.5 |
| Abuse Testing | 8.6 |
| Impact Tests | 8.7 |
| Torque Tests for Removal of Components | 8.8 |
| Tension Test for Removal of Components | 8.9 |
| Compression Test | 8.10 |
| Tests for Tire Removal and Snap-in Wheel and | |
| Axle Assembly Removal | 8.11 |
| Flexure Test | 8.12 |
| Test for Mouth-Actuated Toys | 8.13 |
| Tests for Toy Chest Lids and Closures | 8.14 |
| Projectiles | 8.15 |
| Test for Stability of Ride-On Toys | 8.16 |
| Stalled Motor Test for Battery-Operated Toys | 8.18 |
| Tests for Battery-Powered Ride-On Toys | 8.19 |
| Tests for Toys which Produce Noise | 8.20 |
| Dynamic Strength Test for Wheeled Ride-On Toys | 8.21 |
| Packaging Film Thickness | 8.22 |
| Test for Loops and Cords | 8.23 |
| Yo Yo Elastic Tether Toy Test Methods | 8.24 |
| Magnetic Flux Index | 8.25 |
| Identification | 9 |
| Age Grading Guidelines | Annex A1 |
| Packaging and Shipping | Annex A2 |
| Design Guidelines for Toys Attached to Cribs | |
| or Playpens | Annex A3 |
| Flammability Testing Procedure for Toys | Annex A4 |
| Rationale | Annex A5 |
| |
1.8 The values stated first are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
ASTM Standards
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D2240 Test Method for Rubber Property--Durometer Hardness
D374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insulation
D4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic Health Hazards
D5276 Test Method for Drop Test of Loaded Containers by Free Fall
D642 Test Method for Determining Compressive Resistance of Shipping Containers, Components, and Unit Loads
D880 Test Method for Impact Testing for Shipping Containers and Systems
D999 Test Methods for Vibration Testing of Shipping Containers
F1148 Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Home Playground Equipment
F1313 Specification for Volatile N-Nitrosamine Levels in Rubber Nipples on Pacifiers
F404 Consumer Safety Specification for High Chairs
F406 Consumer Safety Specification for Non-Full-Size Baby Cribs/Play Yards
F834 Consumer Safety Specification for Toy Chests
ANSI Standards
Z315.1 Safety Requirements for Tricycles
Federal Standards
SS-T-312B Tile, Floor: Asphalt, Rubber, Vinyl, VinylAsbestos
ISO and IEC Standards
IEC61672–2 Electroacoustics--Sound Level Meters--Part 2: Pattern Evaluation Tests
Other Standards
EN71-1 Safety of toys. Mechanical and physical properties
Index Terms
battery-operated toys; children; safety labeling; safety testing; toy safety requirements; ICS Number Code 97.200.50 (Toys)
DOI: 10.1520/F0963-07
ASTM International is a member of CrossRef.
Citing ASTM Standards
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